Persistent inequities in science achievement have resisted a variety of instructional interventions. We contend that if improvements are to be made then a fresh perspective is necessary. This project steps away from individual teachers and their classrooms to consider schools as a whole. This organizational view has proven fruitful when applied to language arts and mathematics learning; our project builds on those successes as we focus on science achievement in elementary schools. Bringing together the energy and expertise from school leadership, science education, and multi-level statistical analysis, the School Organization and Science Achievement project is designed to document the various organizational structures and leadership functions that result in reduced disparities in science test scores.